An American Species
When Lewis and Clark set out to explore west of the Mississippi nearly 200 years ago, there were still buffalo trails running over the mountains of Virginia. When they reached the upper Missouri River in April 1805, Lewis described the country as “covered with herds of Buffalo, Elk & Antelopes…. [They] are so gentle that we pass near them while feeding, without appearing to excite any alarm among them, and when we attract their attention, they frequently approach us more nearly to discover what we are.” Buffalo, or more correctly, American bison herds once ranged from Canada to Mexico and from the Rockies to the Atlantic Coast. An estimated 30 to 75 million buffalo once roamed North America. “The moving multitude … darkened the whole plains,” noted Clark after seeing a herd along the White River, South Dakota in 1806. The expedition members killed what they consumed, but setters who followed in their wake destroyed the bison population. While most of the small herd...